Ontology Source (OWL): john-italos-gufo.ttl contains the Classes and ObjectProperites from the following posts:
[5.1.0] John Italos on Universals
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Rights: This work is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0
First published: 21/11/2022
John Italos (c. 1025-1082) elaborated on a three-tiered model of universals:
Universals are:
The following OntoUML diagram shows the main classes in this model:
| CLASS | DESCRIPTION | RELATIONS |
|---|---|---|
| Universal | “Italos talks about the same three types of universals in the same order, but a certain detail of his account proves to be important. Italos, too, regards the universals before the many particulars the causes (aitia/prtourga ) and paradigms (paradeigm ata) of perceptible individuals, which hence cannot be predicated of them, are separable from them (christa ), and in God’s mind (para/en t the), perfectly accommodating in this way the requirements of Christian Dogma (p p . 7.15-19 ; 29-32); but, then, he presents the distinction between the universals in the particulars and the universals after the particulars in a different manner.” | |
| UniversalBeforeTheParticulars | “the universals before the many particulars (pro t n poll n ), which are generally identified with the Platonic Ideas” | subkind of Universal; characterizes UniversalBeforeManyParticulars |
| UniversalInTheParticulars | “the universals in the particulars (en tois pollo is), which represent Aristotle’s notion of immanent forms” | subkind of the UniversalBeforeMany particulars; characterizes UniversalInTheParticulars |
| UniversalAfterTheParticulars | “the universals after the particulars (epi tois pollo is), which concepts or thoughts.” | subkind of UniversalInTheParticulars |
| Intelligible | “On the other hand, the universal after the particulars are intelligible in a certain way, most probably because they are acquired by our mind by abstraction and they also are perceptible in a certain way, most probably because they are acquired by abstraction of the common characteristics of perceptible individuals.” | |
| Later-born; Be-predicated; Inseparable; Acquired-by-mind | “Italos claims (p . 8.1-14) that both the universals in the particulars and the universals after the particulars differ from the universals before the particulars, because they both are later-born than the perceptible individuals (husterogen), can be predicted of them (kat goroumena), are inseparable from them (achrista ), and are acquired by our mind by abstraction (k at ’ aph airesin ).” | |
| Particular | A particular thing | characterizes Particular |
| Perceptible | Perceptible |
Related posts in theory of Universals: [1.2.2], [1.3.1], [1.3.2], [2.5], [2.7.3], [4.3.1], [4.3.2], [4.4.1], [4.5.2], [4.9.8], [4.11], [4.15.6], [4.18.8]
Sources
First published: 1/9/2022
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